java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext

Web Project에다가 Spring MVC를 적용하는 과정에서 web.xml 에 `Listener`를 추가하고 서버를 실행시키면 아래의 메시지가 출력한다.

  
2월 04, 2013 2:50:09 오후 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStop
심각: Exception sending context destroyed event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:172)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.destroyBeans(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1071)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.doClose(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1045)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.close(AbstractApplicationContext.java:993)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:548)
	at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4831)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5478)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:232)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:160)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)

발생원인

ContextLoaderListener 을 Listener로 등록해두면, 웹 애플리케이션이 시작할 때 자동으로 루트 애플리케이션 컨텍스트를 만들고 초기화를 한다. 디폴트Default로 XmlWebApplicationContext를 애플리케이션 컨텍스트 클래스가 지정되고 /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml을 탐색한다. 이때, applicationContext.xml 파일을 찾지 못하면서 발생한다.

해결방법

1. /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml 생성 및 설정

2. web.xml 내에  <context-param></context-param> 으로 ~Context.xml 을 지정

  

        contextConfigLocation
        /WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/applicationContext.xml

위의 두 가지 방법 중 하나를 선택해서 처리하면 된다.